High Temperature Ceramic

High temperature ceramics are a type of inorganic non-metallic materials with excellent high temperature resistance. According to their temperature resistance range and application fields, they can be divided into ordinary high temperature ceramics and ultra-high temperature ceramics.

• Ordinary high temperature ceramics: usually refers to ceramic materials that can work stably for a long time below 1600°C. The main components are aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), silicon nitride (Si₃N₄), silicon carbide (SiC), etc.
• Ultra-high temperature ceramics: specifically refers to materials that can maintain chemical and physical stability in extreme temperatures above 2000°C and reactive atmospheres (such as atomic oxygen environments). The main components include transition metal borides, carbides and their composite materials.

• High temperature resistance: The temperature resistance range of ordinary high temperature ceramics is 1600~1800°C, while ultra-high temperature ceramics can withstand extreme temperatures above 2000~3000°C.
• Chemical stability: Anti-oxidation and acid and alkali corrosion resistance under high temperature environment, especially in ultra-high temperature ceramics.
• Mechanical properties: High hardness, wear resistance, thermal shock resistance (such as silicon nitride ceramics can resist cold and hot shock), ultra-high temperature ceramics also have high thermal conductivity and ablation resistance.

• Sintering technology: Ordinary high-temperature ceramics usually use hot pressing sintering and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), while ultra-high temperature ceramics need to use advanced processes such as spark plasma sintering (SPS) or spark isostatic pressing (HIP) to form a dense structure and reduce grain coarsening problems.
• High temperature treatment: Some materials need to be fired above 1700°C, and the processing temperature of ultra-high temperature ceramics even exceeds 3000°F.

Ordinary high temperature ceramics:

• Mechanical field: wear-resistant parts such as bearings, sealing rings, and molds.
• Electronics and chemical industry: high temperature furnace tubes, semiconductor substrates, corrosion-resistant reactors.
• Daily life: tableware fired at high temperatures has low water absorption and high thermal stability.

Ultra-high temperature ceramics:

• Aerospace: thermal protection parts such as spacecraft nose cones and wing leading edges.
• Defense and energy: rocket nozzles, nuclear reactor linings.
• Extreme industrial environments: furnace insulation materials, metal melting crucibles.